Uses and abuses of Science essay for class 8th

Uses and abuses of Science

Essay for Class 8th

Science has made our lives comfortable and convenient in so many ways. It has enabled us to save time in all aspects of our lives, from cooking to washing, travelling and communicating. It has made the world smaller and more accessible to us. Science seems to have conquered time and distance.

It is because of science that we are able to cope better with illnesses today. This has made our lives easier and increased our lifespan. In fact, there is no area of modem life in which science has not made an impact.

Almost every day, either new inventions are being reported or existing ones are being improved upon. They are being made faster, safer and even more efficient.

Besides the advantages, there are also some disadvantages of science. The race to develop the most lethal and advanced weapons and bombs like nuclear bombs can lead to total destruction of mankind. We have become too dependent on machines. We do minimal manual or physical work, which is not only making us less capable of doing work manually but also taking a toll on our health. World has certainly become a global village but ironically we are becoming less social. We may watch

TV or chat with friends over mobile or Internet but we hardly have time for our family members, any social gatherings or to visit any social club. Modem technology used in industries and transportation is leading to depletion of natural resources and has also increased the level of pollution.

The Bahu Fort Class7th chapter 7

The Bahu Fort

Class7th chapter 7

Working with the Text 

Q1.  Where is the Bahu Fort, situated? 

Ans. The Bahu Fort is situated along the 

banks of river Tawi. 

Q2. Who built it and when? 

Ans. The Bahu Fort was built by Raja Bahulochan about 3000 years ago. 

Q3. Describe the interior and exterior of it.

Ans. In the interior of the fort, there is a temple of Bawey Wali Mata and in the exterior of the fort, there is a majestic terraced garden with extensive lawns and flowers are known as Bagh-e-Bahu. 

Q4. Why is it a place of religious significance? 

Ans. The Bahu Fort is a place of religious significance because of the temple of Bawey Wali Mata. 

Q5. Which part is the favourite picnic place in the fort? 

Ans. Bagh-e-Bahu that surrounds the fort with lawns and flowers is the favourite picnic place in the fort. 

Q6. When and why is the mela celebrated? 

Ans. The mela is celebrated in the months of March-April. It is celebrated to seek the divine blessings of Mata.

Q7. Name the things available during the fair? 

Ans. During the fair, one can have local ice creams (kulfi, malai-baraf), sugarcane juice, gole-gappe, aaloo chholay, kachaloo, jalebi. In addition, there are balloons and cotton candy available for children. 

II. Use the following phrases in sentences: 

1. To carry off: The Vice-Captain of the team carried off the match after the injury of their Captain. 

2. To take up: The forum president will take the matter with higher-ups. 

3. To take care of: He will take care of the invitations of his surprise party. 

4. In spite of: He was not called for interview, in spite of his higher qualification. 

5. To break out: A riot will break out if you don’t talk to the strikers. 

6. To be afraid of: Don’t talk about ghosts in front of children, they will be afraid of them. 

7. To get out: Get out of the class because you are diverting the attention of other students. 

Grammar Work 

A. Complete the following sentences by using the appropriate interrogative pronouns: 

1. What is it that troubles you so much? 

2. Who is that he should object? 

3. Who is at the door? 

4. What is there that she does not know? 

5. What is this book? 

6. Where is your house? 

7. To whom does this watch belong? 

8. How is she? 

9. Where is the cargo plane? 

10 Whom did she go with? 

B. Write the contractions of these words: 

l. l am....I’m 

2. He has..... He’s 

3. You are ... You’re 

4.Do not... Don’t 

5. Let us .... Let’s 

6. I have ..... I’ve 

7. He had/would ....He’d 

8. Will not .... Won’t 

9. They would not ..... They wouldn't 

10. Shall not ..... Shan’t 

The Little Girl Class 7th JKBOSE Tulip Series

 The Little Girl 

Class 7th JKBOSE Tulip Series

Summary in English

In the story, there was a little girl named Kezia. She lives with her father, her mother, and her grandmother. Also, she was afraid of his father and tries to avoid him all the time. Moreover, she feels comforted on seeing his father leaving for office.

She was so afraid of her father that she mumbles in front of him as he appeared to her as rude, critical, and harsh. Further, her grandmother sought her to understand her parents better that’s why she would encourage her to go to the drawing-room to chat with her parents. Then again she finds them cold towards her.

So, one fine day her grandmother suggested Kezia prepare a pin cushion for her father’s birthday.

Consequently, Kezia stitches the three sides of the pincushion casing. But after that, she needs to stuff the cushion with something. That’s why she goes to her mother’s room 6 number the bed table, there she finds many sheets of fine paper.

Then she torn the paper into small pieces and filled the pincushion and sew up the forth side. However, she doesn’t that those papers contain her father’s very important speech for the Port Authority. Although she accepted her mistake and tries to explain the reason why she does it.

But her father was too angry to listen to her reason and punished her with a ruler on her palm. However, she failed to understand why she met out to punishment even after she accepted her mistake. Terribly she said, “What did God make father for?”

Most importantly, one evening she saw Mr. McDonalds, playing with her 5 children, laughing and enjoying with them. This event influenced Kezia that all fathers are not similar. She concluded, that some father is caring and loving like Mr. McDonald and some are harsh like her father.

However, her attitude towards her father changed. Someday, her mother needs to be hospitalized and her grandmother goes with her. So, Kezia was alone in the house with the cook. The day went fine but the night was a different issue. In the middle of the night, she woke up of fear screaming and weeping as she had a terrible nightmare. When Kezia opened her eyes she saw her father right next to her. Her father carried her to his bedroom and made her comfortable and warm on his bed. Further, her father told her to rub her feet with his legs and set them warm. She spends the night with him feeling comfortable and safe.

After that, she realized that her father was not a bad person. And he loves and cares for her in his own way. Moreover, he had to work a whole day to provide for his family and was too weary by evening to play with her.

stammer

Glossary

figure:                 the shape of the human body

yawn:                 to open the mouth involuntarily when feeling sleepy or bored

casual:                 not attaching any importance to

spectacles:           glasses

instant:                 exact moment of time

terrifying:             causing fear

snoring:                breathing noisily while sleeping

stare:                    look fixedly (usually used with preposition 'at')

stutter:                 stammer

brink:                  the extreme edge

giant:                 (in children's stories and myths) a creature of human shape but of very great size and strength

scraps:                 small pieces of something usually not wanted

stuff:                   to fill completely a container with something

sew:               to make stitches in clothes, etc. with a needle and thread

hue and cry:         a loud noise

pace:                 to walk with regular steps to and fro, usually because of nervousness

nightmare:         frightening dream

once and for all: forever.

snuggle:             lie or get close to somebody for warmth or affection.

The Little Girl  Class 7th JKBOSE Tulip Series

Working with the Text

Q1. How did the little girl feel when her father went to work each day?

Ans. The little girl felt the glad sense of relief when her father went to work each day.

Q2. “She never stuttered with other people but only with father.” This shows that the little girl was:

a) Foolish b) Nervous c) Funny d) Unnatural

Ans. Nervous

Q3. Why did the little girl start, making the pincushion?

Ans. Little girl, started making pincushion as suggested by her grandmother, to gift it to her

father on his birthday, next week.

The Little Girl  Class 7th JKBOSE Tulip Series

Q4. What did the little girl stuff the pincushion with?

Ans. Little girl stuffed the pincushion with tiny pieces, torn out from sheets of fine paper.

Q5. “What did God make fathers for?" Who said these words?

Ans. The child (Kezia-Little Girl), said these words while clinging to her grandmother.

Q6. What was Kezia's nightmare?

Ans. Kezia's, nightmare was about the butcher, who had a knife and a rope with him coming

nearer and nearer to her with a dreadful smile that made her crying in her dream.

The Little Girl  Class 7th JKBOSE Tulip Series

Q7. Did the nightmare repeat itself?

Ans. Yes, the nightmare repeated itself whenever she slept.

Q8. What did the little girl's father do when she had the nightmare?

Ans. Whenever the little girl had the nightmare, her father took her in his arms into his bedroom

and laid down beside her.

09. Kezia's father (Choose the right option):

a) Loved his daughter b) Was indifferent to her

Ans. Loved his daughter

The Little Girl  Class 7th JKBOSE Tulip Series

Language Work

Fill in the blanks in each of the following sentences with suitable word/s taken from those in the brackets:

1. Lawyer to Mr. Lateef, “I_______ you to pay your taxes by March 31." (advice/advise)

Ans. Lawyer to Mr. Lateef, “I advise you to pay your taxes by March 31."

2.I____________ that we should go shopping. (plan/suggest)

Ans. I suggest that we should go shopping.

3. Sita is not ready. She hasn't_______ her hair yet. (done/made)

Ans. Sita is not ready. She hasn't made her hair yet.

4. It is bad manners to _______ at a person. (stare/ gaze)

Ans. It is bad manners to stare at a person.

5. On a cool summer evening we often _______ at the stars. (gaze/stare)

Ans. On a cool summer evening we often gaze at the stars.

6. The management has decided to _______ all the demands of the striking workers the

one for a pay revision. (accept/except)

Ans. The management has decided to accept all the demands of the striking workers except for

the one for a pay revision.

7. The man who sells was hurt in an accident when his car hit a _______ lorry.

(stationary/stationery)

Ans. The man who sells stationery was hurt in an accident when his car hit a stationary lorry.

8. The world needs a lot more people working for _______ . We want the country to be in one

always. (peace/piece)

Ans. The world needs a lot more people working for peace. We want the country to be in one

piece always.

9. The _______ of this institution is a man of _______ (principle/principal)

Ans. The principal of this institution is a man of principle.

difficult to find a room in this hostel. (quiet/quite)

10. It is _______ difficult to find a _______ room in this hostel. (quiet/quite)

Ans. It is quite difficult to find a quiet room in this hostel.

Grammar Work

A. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with suitable phrasal verbs from those given below. Make necessary changes in the tense of the verb.

Look for look through look after blow out pull off give up

Look at push open hurry up fill with

1. I am filled with admiration for his bravery.

2. Hurry up! It's getting late.

3. She pushed open the door of the drawing-room.

4. "look at the blackboard" The teacher said to the student.

5. He has given up smoking.

6. The little girl was ordered to pull off the boots of her father.

7. Blow out the candle, please.

8. we should look after plants around us.

9. She looked through a window.

10. I am looking for my lost pen.

B. Give the adjective forms of the following adverbs:

Adverbs                                 Adjectives

Laboriously                             laborious

Soundly                                   sound

Properly                                   proper

Sharply                                    sharp

Finally                                     final

Suddenly                                 sudden

Quickly                                   quick

Slowly                                    slow

Especially                               especial

An Ideal Teacher essay 150 words

An Ideal Teacher

 150 Words – Essay

Every person needs education because life without education is like an animal. The most important contribution to education is the teacher. It is the teacher who helps everyone to become a good citizen and can take the country to new heights. Children, who are the future of every country, only the teacher can secure their future. The ideal teacher is one who helps his disciples in every way possible and is skilled in his teacher work. The ideal teacher is always sure of time.

Any teacher should be courteous and discipline should be dear. Ideal teachers teach in such a way that all children understand easily. He treats children sweetly and his words are always clear. He considers the disciples like his children and never kills. They are restrained and they are not excited. In every child’s life, there is definitely an ideal teacher in his eyes, whose life he takes inspiration from. Ideal teachers create the future of children.

Water Conservation essay class 7th

 

Water Conservation

Essay for Class 7th

Water is an invaluable gift of nature for us, without water we cannot even imagine life without water, this is also the saying of water soon. In today’s era, the decreasing potable water has become a concern, every citizen will have to think to get out of this problem. If we continue to wastewater in this way, then the day is not far when we will not have potable clean water.

Not only humans, the life of trees, plants and animals are also completely dependent on water. Water will become so expensive in the coming times that a big crisis can arise in the lives of the poor. No matter how many technical tools we make in the name of scientific progress, the alternative of water can never be discovered.

Therefore, we should wake up in time, and instead of indiscriminately exploiting the resources of nature, we have to take steps towards its limited use, only then our future generations will be able to have clean water and air. In the greed for money, man has become so blind that he forgot the importance of water like nectar and polluted the water source for his progress.

Samples of water wastage will be seen everywhere in India and around the world. Yesterday thousands of litres of water are wasted in factories. The water is removed from the ground and it is drained into the river drains along with the wastes. In many places, the filthy water of factories is dumped in fields tomorrow, which of course causes major damage to crops and land. Water pumps installed in homes are also to some extent responsible for its exploitation.

Sympathy poem class 7th Tulip Series

 Sympathy

Poem Class 7th Tulip Series.

Text , glossary, summary and exercise.

I lay in sorrow Deep distressed;

My grief a proud man heard.

His looks were cold, he gave me gold,

But not a kindly word.

My sorrow passed - I paid him back

The gold he gave to me.

Then stood erect and spoke my thanks

And blessed his charity.

I lay in want, and grief, and pain;

A poor man passed my way;

He bounced my head, he gave me bread,

He watched me night and day.

How shall I pay him back again for all he did to me?

Gold is great, but greater far

Is heavenly sympathy.

 

                            (Charles mackay)

Gossary

Sympathy            :            the feeling of being sorry for showing your care about one's problems

Deep distressed   :            very upset and anxious, suffering pain and in a poor physical condition

Pass                     :            to come to an end

Charity                :            money food for help given to the poor ill or needy

Sorrow                :            a feeling of great sadness

Summary of the poem, Sympathy

The narrator with a melancholy and remorseful admission that he knows exactly what it must be feel like to be a bird kept in a cage. He then gives life this admission by contrasting the visceral everyday experiences of nature that a bird not trapped inside such a prison enjoys: bright sun, soft winds and the waters of a river. He brings the parallel to a close by describing how the normally enjoyable sounds of the first bird whistling in the morning and the first flower bud opening to let loose its sweet scent are to one trapped inside not so much enjoyable, but a part of the experience of losing freedom.

He then goes on to reveal how much is aware of the experience of being trapped like a bird by explaining the actions that such birds often demonstrate. Birds in captivity flutter their wings violently as a reaction to unwanted but repetitive requirement to use those wings to fly to the only place he can possibly fly to: his tiny little perch. The pain caused by every one of those violent fluttering of its wings can be felt each time he longs to stretch those wings out in the open, but is only allowed to sit in the same space doing the same thing day after day after day.

The poem concludes with the narrator one again regretfully admitting he knows why the bird in a case continues to sing even when its wing is sore from the fluttering and its heart is heavy from longing for a freedom that will never come. The song that the caged bird sings does not originate in happiness; indeed, it is not even really a song he sings. It is a prayer and plea masquerading as a song; a plea and prayer sent straight from its wounded heart upward and outward in search of some greater power capable of releasing it from its prison and relieving it of its misery.

Sympathy poem class 7th Tulip Series

Reading is fun

Q1. When the poet was unhappy who helped him and how?

Answer. When the poet was unhappy e a rich man help the poet by giving him gold.

Q2. When and how did the poet pay the rich man back?

Answer. When the poet was happy and his sorrow and he paid the rich man back the gold that he had given him. 

Q3. How did the poor man show his sympathy to the poet?

Answer. The poor man showed sympathy to the poet and sympathy cannot be paid back like gold or money.

Sympathy poem class 7th Tulip Series

Q4. The point good not pay back to the poor man why?

Answer. The poor man showed sympathy to the poet and sympathy cannot be paid back like gold or money.

Q5. Why is sympathy that to be heavenly?

 Answer. Sympathy comes from the heart. It brings happiness. It could not be paid back like gold of any other valuable thing, therefore, Sympathy is said to, be heavenly.

The rebel Poem Class 7th Tulip Series

 The Rebel

Poem Class 7th English Tulip Series.

D. J. Enright

When everybody has short hair,

The rebel let's his hair grow long.

When everybody has long hair ,

 The rebel cards his hair short.

When everybody talks during the lesson ,

The rebel doesn't share word 

When nobody talks during the lesson 

The rebel creates disturbance 

When everybody wears a uniform 

The rebel dresses in fantastic clothes 

When everybody was fantastic close 

The rebel dresses soberly.

 In the company of dog lovers 

The rebel expresses preference for cats 

In the company of cats lovers

The rebel puts in a good word for dogs 

When everybody is greeting the rain 

The rebel regrets the absence of the sun. 

When everybody goes to the meeting,

The rebel stays at home and reads a book. 

When everybody says at home and read a book 

The rebel goes to the meeting 

When everybody says ' yes, please' 

The rebel says no thank you 

When everybody says no thank you 

The rebel says,' yes, please',

 It is very good that we have rebels 

You may not find it very good to be one.

                                                -    D.J.Enright

Glossary

rebel                          –                 here a person who shows disagreement with the ideas of people in authority or society by behaving differently

fantastic                    –                 strange

soberly                      –                 seriously and reasonably

preference                –                liking for something or someone

regret                        –                  to feel sorry about something you have done

Summary of the Poem 

The poem, The Rebel describes the character of a rebel, a person who does not conform to the norms of the society. The rebel is described as a person who would contradict others in order to be different. The character of the rebel in the poem is not based on a political activist, but seems to be a character sketch of a young adolescent, trying to be different. All the instances in the poem are repetitive affirmations of this fact.

If a rebel sees a group of people with short hair, he would let his hair grow long. On seeing others with long hair, the rebel would cut short his hair. Seeing everybody talk during the lesson, the rebel would become absolutely mute. On realizing that everybody is silent the rebel would create a disturbance.

Similarly, on various such issues, the rebel would be seen contradicting others and doing things that no one would be doing. He would refuse to wear the uniform when the others would be wearing it, praise the dogs when in the company of cat lovers, appreciate the sun on rainy days and rains on the sunny days. He would do just anything but not what others are doing.

The Rebel Summary In Hindi

यह कविता ‘द रीबेल’ एक विरोधी स्वभाव के व्यक्ति से जुड़ी है, जो समाज के स्थापित नियमों को नहीं मानता है। विरोधी से माना जाता है, जो अलग दिखने के लिए दूसरों के मुकाबले विरोधाभास करता है। इस कविता में विरोधी स्वभाव राजनीतिक सक्रियता न होकर एक युवा का चरित्र है, जो अलग दिखने की इच्छा रखता है। कविता के सारे उदाहरण इस बात का सबूत बार-बार देते हैं।

अगर विरोधी को एक ऐसा समूह दिखता है, जिसके सदस्यों के बाल छोटे हैं, तो वह अपने बाल लंबे रखेगा। दूसरों के लंबे बाल देखने पर वह अपने बाल छोटे कर लेगा। सब को पाठ के दौरान बातचीत करते हुए देखकर विरोधी पूर्ण रूप से चुप हो जाता है तथा यह महसूस होने पर कि सभी शांत हैं, विरोधी व्यवधान पैदा करने की कोशिश करता है। 

इसी प्रकार विरोधी अकसर दूसरों के साथ विरोधाभास की स्थिति में होता है और वह वही काम करता है, जो दूसरे नहीं कर रहे होते हैं, जब दूसरे स्कूल की वर्दी में होते हैं, तो वह स्कूल की वर्दी में नहीं दिखेगा, बिल्ली के प्रशंसकों के बीच वह एक कुत्ते की प्रशंसा करता है, बरसात में सूर्य की तारीफ तथा गर्मी में बरसात की तारीफ करता है। वह कुछ भी करेगा पर ऐसा कुछ नहीं करेगा, जो दूसरे लोग कर रहे होंगे।

Reading is Fun

Question (1) If someone doesn’t wear a uniform to school, what do you think the teacher will say?

Answer : The teacher would scold the student who would not be dressed in the school uniform while coming to the School.

Question (2)When everyone wants a clear sky, what does the rebel Want most?

Answer : When everyone wants a clear sky, the rebel wants the Sun.

Question (3)If the rebel has a dog for a pet, what i everyone else likely to have?

Answer : If a rebel has a dog for a pet, the others are most likely to be cat lovers.

Question (4)Why is it good to have rebels?

Answer : It is good to have rebels because they are different and they teach us to be able to accept and tolerate differences.

Question (5)Why is it not good to be a rebel oneself?

Answer : It is not good to be a rebel oneself because the Society never accepts a rebel and always critiques his behaviour.

   

Letter to your Uncle Thanking him for a Birthday gift

 Letter Writing

Write Letter to your Uncle Thanking him for a Birthday gift

72, Ward no. 15

Sanasar,

Date 22 June 2021

My Dear uncle,

We all are fine here. I hope you are also fine. Your delightful present came to hand this morning and I must thank you very much indeed for it. It is really very kind of you to think of me. I thank you for the gift you sent me on my birthday. 

It is a beautiful watch. All my friends liked it very much. I needed this watch. Now I will not be late for school. I will come to meet you soon. Take care of yourself. 

With love and respect to you and dear Aunt.

Your affectionately Nephew

Name Rohit Kumar

The Person I Like The Most essay for class 7th

 Essay in english

The Person I Like The Most

The personality that I admire the most is none other than Dr. APJ Kalam. The life Dr. APJ Kalam has been an inspiration not only for Indians, but for people from all other countries as well. He was an epitome of many virtues, dedication, self-mastery, and scientific attitude. People are born; people die. But some people after they are gone leave behind them a trail of light that illumines the path for the striving followers. Longfellow has praised such people as him in his poem, 'A Psalm of Life'. He glorifies such great souls in the following words:

" And, departing, leave behind us

Footprints on the sands of time;"

Dr. Kalam also belongs to the class of unforgettable personalities who have left an eternal blaze-trail after their passing away. Dr. Kalam can be termed as a gem of a great leader. His entire life has been an inspiration. Born in a humble family, he worked his way to great success. In order to support his family financially, he solved newspapers at a very tender age. In spite of being so famous and successful, he was exceedingly humble. He dedicated his life to his motherland. His contributions to make India a strong nation are beyond praise. As a scientist, he gave India the power of missiles. Lethal Agni, Prithvi, Akash, and Nag missiles were added to the national arsenal under his able guidance.  

He was a great human being, committed leader, and unparalleled statesman. He wrote many inspirational books; he was a charismatic speaker. His message for the youth of India filled them with new confidence. He appealed to all Indians to adopt the following words: “I can do it. We can do it. India can do it.” His vision was to see India standing among the most advanced nations of the world by 2020. I adore his teachings. I feel if we follow his teachings, we will achieve our national goals much faster.

The Nation honoured him by inaugurating APJ Abdul Kalam Memorial in His Hometown Peikarumbu,  Rameswaram on July 27, 2017. Honrable Prime Minister, Narender Modi took part in the inaugural ceremony; addressing the gathering on the occasion he lauded Dr.Kalam’s contributions to India and appealed to the youth to follow the footsteps of the great Indian scientist and leader.

Abou Ben Adhem Poem Class 7th, Tulip Series summary and question and answers

 Abou Ben Adhem

BY LEIGH HUNT

Poem Class 7th, Tulip Series

Abou Ben Adhem (may his tribe increase!)

Awoke one night from a deep dream of peace,

And saw, within the moonlight in his room,

Making it rich, and like a lily in bloom,

An angel writing in a book of gold:—

Exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold,

And to the presence in the room he said,

"What writest thou?"—The vision raised its head,

And with a look made of all sweet accord,

Answered, "The names of those who love the Lord."

"And is mine one?" said Abou. "Nay, not so,"

Replied the angel. Abou spoke more low,

But cheerly still; and said, "I pray thee, then,

Write me as one that loves his fellow men."

The angel wrote, and vanished. The next night

It came again with a great wakening light,

And showed the names whom love of God had blest,

And lo! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest.

Introduction of poem

“Abou Ben Adhem” is a narrative poem by Leigh Hunt in which he attempts to capture the spirit of brotherhood and fraternity with a hint of spiritual satisfaction. Leigh Hunt was an English essayist, critic, poet, and writer who was a sincere admirer of Thomas Gray and William Collins. This poem is based on the Arabian lore which tells the story of the Islamic month of Nous Sha’aban during which God opens the golden book of mankind and chooses those who love him to meet with him in the coming year. Hence, we see a magical encounter of an angel with Abou Ben Adhem.

Summary of the poem (Stanzawise)

Stanza 1

Abou Ben …….. his fellow men.

The poem Abou Ben Adhem by Leigh Hunt conveys a message that love for fellow beings is more important than love for God. In the opening lines of the poem, the poet wishes that may people like Abou, increase in the world. Such people are instrumental in spreading love and brotherhood in the world. One-night Abou woke up from a deep peaceful sleep.

‘Deep dream of peace’ gives a supernatural impact to the poem. The phrase is an example of alliteration, which is a figure of speech, where the consonant ‘d’ is repeated in ‘deep dream’.

It also symbolises that people like Abou sleep in peace because of their divine behaviour and character.

As he woke up by the light of the moon and the angel present in his room, he saw the angel, writing in a book of gold. The room seemed to be rich by the divine lights.

The poet uses personification in ‘making it rich’ and also a simile in the phrase ‘like a lily in bloom’. The poet describes the beauty of the room by these two figures of speech. He compares the beauty of the room to the beauty of a lily, which is in the process of blooming. ‘book of gold’ symbolises two things. First, that the owner is a divine messenger and second that the contents of the book are also divine.

The presence of the angel along with its light further enhances the already richly lit room of Abou. The peace and serenity made Abou bold as he was already a virtuously brave man and led a noble and pious life. He then boldly asks the angel what it was writing. To answer this question, the angel raised its head. It looked sweet and kind. It answered that the names of those who love God were beng listed. To this, Abou again asked if his name was there in the list. The angel’s negative reply made Abou feel sad and low.

Because of his optimism, he quickly overcame that lowliness and humbly requested his name to be written in a list of people who loved their fellow men.

Stanza 2

The angel wrote ……. led all the rest.

The next four lines of the poem are describing the next night when the angel reappeared. The light which the angel came with on the second night was brighter, than the night before. The angel that night showed Abou the names of those who are loved by God and thus blessed by Him. In this list, Abou found his name on the top.

The short second stanza of the poem is a message to the readers. The reappearance of the angel, with a list where Abou’s name was at the top, proves that even God loves those who love His creation more than Him.

Thinking about the poem

Question 1. What is the “it” of the poem’s fourth line?

Answer. The speaker is referring to his bedroom.

Question 2. In the second line of this poem, the words “deep,” “dream,” and “peace” rhyme. What is the literary term for this repetition of interior vowel sounds within a short section?

Answer. The literary term is assonance.

Question 3. In your own words, what question does Abou ask the angel in his room?

Answer. Abou asks the angel what it is writing in its book of gold.

Question 4. What is the angel’s reply to Abou’s question? How does Abou react?

Answer. The angel tells Abou that he is writing the names of those who love the Lord, and reveals that Abou’s name was not on this list. Abou then asks the angel to write him down as one who “loves his fellow man.”

Question 5. Why do you believe, at the end of this poem, Abou’s name “led all the rest” on the list of those who God had blest? What is Hunt trying to tell his reader by ending his poem this way?

Answer. Leigh Hunt seems to infer that God loves most not those who worship him best, but those who love and care for all men most.

Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years JKBOSE History Social Science Chapter 1

JKBOSE Solutions For Class 7 

History Social Science Chapter 1 

Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years

Question 1. Who was considered a ‘foreigner’ in the past?

Answer:  The term ‘foreigner’ is used in the sense of a person who is not an Indian. In the medieval period it was applied to any stranger who appeared, say in a given village, someone who was not a part of that society or culture. In this sense a forest-dweller was a foreigner for a city-dweller. But two peasants living in the same village were not foreigners to each other, even though they may have had different religious or caste backgrounds.

Question  2. State whether true or false:

We do not find inscriptions for the period after 700.

The Maraihas asserted their political importance during this period.

Forest-dwellers were sometimes pushed out of their lands with the spread of agricultural settlements.

Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban controlled Assam, Manipur and Kashmir.

Answer:  (a) False; (b) False; (c) True; (d) False

Question 3. Fill in the blanks:

(a) Archives are places where………….. are kept.

(b) …………….was a fourteenth-century chronicler.

(c) ……., ……., ………, ……… and ………… were some of the crops introduced into the subcontinent during this period.

Answer:  (a) Manuscripts

(b) Ziyauddin Barani

(c) Potatoes, corn, chillies, tea, coffee.

Question 4. List some of the technological changes associated with this period.

Answer: Some of the technological changes associated with this period are:

1. Persian wheel in irrigation.
2. Spinning wheel.
3. Fire-arms in combat.

Question 5. What were some of the major religious developments during this period?

Answer:  Some of the major significant religious developments occurred in Hinduism. The worship of new deities, the construction of temples by royalty and growing importance of Brahmanas, the priests, as dominant groups in society were the new changes. Brahmanas’ importance grew due to their knowledge of Sanskrit language. They were patronized by the Emperors. The idea of bhakti emerged among people. The merchants and migrants brought with them the teachings of Quran, the holy book of Muslims.

Question 6. In what ways has the meaning of the term ‘Hindustan’ charged over the centuries?

Answer:

The meaning of the term ‘Hindustan’ has changed over the centuries in the following manner:

In the thirteenth century Minhaj-i-Siraj used the term ‘Hindustan’. He meant areas of Punjab, Haryana and the lands between Ganga and Yamuna. He used this term in a political sense that were a part of the dominions of the Delhi Sultanate. The term never included South India.

In the sixteenth century poet Babur used the term ‘Hindustan’ to describe the geography, the fauna and the culture of the inhabitants of the subcontinent.

In fourteenth-century poet Amir Khusrau used the term ‘Hind’ in the same sense as Babur did in the sixteenth century.

‘Hindustan’ did not carry the political and national meanings as the term ‘India’ does today.

Question  7. How were the affairs of jatis regulated?

Answer:

The affairs of jatis were regulated in the following way:

Jatis formed their own rules and regulations.

There was an assembly of elders called jati panchayat.

It enforced the rules and regulations.

Jatis were also directed to follow the rules of the village.

Several villages were governed by a chieftain.

Question 8. What does the term pan-regional empire mean?

Answer:  The term ‘pan-regional’ was used in the sense of the areas of empires spanning diverge regions. The dynasties like Cholas, Khaljis, Tughluqs, and Mughals extended their empires pan-regional. Though, not all these empires were equally stable or successful. But pan-regional rule altered the character of the regions. Most of the regions across the subcontinent were left with the legacies of the big and small states that had ruled over them. The emergence of many distinct and shared traditions in governance the economy elite cultures and languages were some of the prominent factors that took place as a result of pan-regional rules.

Question 9. What are the difficulties historians face in using manuscripts?

Answer: Historians faced a lot of difficulties while using manuscripts because:

There was no printing press in the 13th and 14th centuries. Scribes in those days made manuscripts by hand. To copy was not an easy exercise. Scribes could not read the handwriting of the other writers. They were forced to guess. So there were small but significant differences in the copy of the scribed. These small words or sentences here and there grew over centuries of copying. The manuscripts of the same text became a great extent different from the original.

Question 10. How do historians divide the past into periods? Do they face any problems in doing so?

Answer: Historians divide the past into periods on the basis of continuity. This continuity is further based on:

1. Coins
2. Inscriptions
3. Architecture
4. Textual records

But they face difficulties in doing so as discontinuity exists. Textual records increased tremendously. They gradually displaced other types of available information. Thousand years of human history (or of any country or region) witnessed a number of changes. After all, the ancient history of India is different from that of the other two periods i.e., the medieval period and modem period. Therefore describing the entire period as one historical unit is not an easy task.

Question 11. Compare either Map 1 or Map 2 with the present-day map of the subcontinent listing as many similarities and differences as you can find.

Answer:  Map 1 and Map 2 given in the NCERT Textbook represent two different times. Map 1 was made in 1154 CE by al-Idrisi, an Arab geographer. This section is a detail of the Indian subcontinent from his larger map of the world. Map 2 was made by a French cartographer in 1720. Both maps are quite different from each other, even though they represent the same area. In Map 1 we find south India at the place where we would expect to find north India and Sri Lanka is the island at the top. The place names are in Arabic. Some familiar places like Kanauj in Uttar Pradesh have been spelt as Qanauj. In comparison to this Map 2 was made nearly 600 later after Map 1. By that time information about the subcontinent had changed a lot. This map appears to be more familiar to us. The coastal areas, particularly, are more detailed.

 

Question 12. Find out where records are kept in your village or city. Who writes these records? Is there an archive? Who manages it? What kinds of documents are stored there? Who are the people who use it?

Answer: Records are kept in our city at the archives. These records are written by the officials of the Revenue Department. The in charge of the Archives/ Deputy Director of Archives manages these records. Rare manuscripts, government records, and other valuable books, etc. are stored there. Scholars, researchers, and government officials use them.

 Future Tense Explained (with hindi)

JKBOSE Solutions For Class 5th to 12th

Simple Future Tense Formula for First Person Singular/ Plural

The formula for Simple Future Tense when the First Person is Singular or Plural is that the sentence starts with the subject i.e I/ We, then a verb in its 1st form, followed by an object which is optional.

So, we can say that the formula for Simple Future Tense for First Person Singular is as follows -

I/ We + shall + verb (1st form)+ object (optional)

Let us see some example sentences with formula for Simple Future Tense when the First Person is Singular/ Plural:

1) I  shall study hard for exams.

मैं परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन करूँगा।

2) I shall go to work every day.

 मैं हर दिन काम पर जाऊँगा।

3) We shall sleep late on Saturdays.

 हम शनिवार को देर से सोएंगे।

4) I shall see a movie every week.

 मैं हर हफ्ते एक फिल्म देखूँगा।

5) We shall swim on Sundays.          

हम रविवार को तैरेंगे।

For converting these sentences into negative sentences the formula is that you add ‘shall not’ before the root form of the verb and the rest of the rule remains the same.

I/ We + shall not + verb (1st form)+ object (optional)

Let us see some examples of negative sentences with the formula for Simple Future Tense when the First Person is Singular /Plural:

1) I shall not study hard for exams.

 मैं परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करूँगा।

2) I shall not go to work everyday.

मैं रोज काम पर नहीं जाऊँगा।

3) We shall not sleep late on Saturdays.

हम शनिवार को देर से नहीं सोएंगे।

4) I shall not watch a movie every week.

मैं हर हफ्ते एक फिल्म नहीं देखूंगा।

5) We shall not swim on Sundays.

हम रविवार को नहीं तैरेंगे।

JKBOSE Solutions For Class 5th to 12th

For converting these sentences into interrogative sentences the formula is that you add Shall at the start of the sentence followed by Subject and the rest of the rule remains the same.

Shall + I/ We + verb (1st form)+ object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of interrogative sentences with the formula for Simple Future Tense when the Person is Singular/ Plural:

1) Shall I study hard for exams?

क्या मैं परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन करूंगा?

2) Shall I go to work everyday?

क्या मैं रोज़ काम पर जाऊंगा?

3) Shall we sleep late on Saturdays?

क्या हम शनिवार को देर से सोएंगे ?

4) Shall I watch a movie every week?

 क्या मैं हर हफ्ते एक फिल्म देखूंगा?

5) Shall we swim on Sundays?

क्या हम रविवार को तैरेंगे?

For converting these sentences into negative interrogative sentences the formula is that you add ‘Shall’ at the start of the sentence, then the subject and then ‘not’ and the rest of the rule remains the same.

Shall + I/ We + not + verb (1st form)+ object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of interrogative sentences with the formula for Simple Future Tense when the Person is Singular/ Plural:

1) Shall I not study hard for exams?

क्या मैं परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करूंगा?

2) Shall I not go to work everyday?

 क्या मैं रोज़ काम पर नहीं जाऊंगा?

3) Shall we not sleep late on Saturdays?

क्या हम शनिवार को देर से नहीं सोएंगे?

4) Shall I not watch a movie every week?

क्या मैं हर हफ्ते एक फिल्म नहीं देखूंगा?

5) Shall we not swim on Sundays?

क्या हम रविवार को नहीं तैरेंगे?

JKBOSE Solutions For Class 5th to 12th

 

Simple Future Tense Formula for Second Person, Third Person Singular/ Plural

The formula for Simple Future Tense when the Second Person, Third Person Singular/ Plural are involved is that the sentence starts with You/ He/ She/ Common or proper nouns/ They, with will and  then a verb in its 1st form followed by an object which is optional.

So, we can say that the formula for Simple Future Tense for Second Person, Third Person Singular/ Plural is as follows -

You/ He/ She/ Common or proper nouns/ They + will + verb (1st form)+ object (optional)

Let us see some example sentences with formula for Simple Future Tense when the Second Person, Third Person Singular/ Plural are involved:

1) You will study hard for exams.

आप परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन करेंगे।

2) He will go to work every day.

वह प्रतिदिन काम पर जाएगा।

3) He will sleep late on Saturdays.

वह शनिवार को देर से सोएगा।

4) Girls will see a movie every week.

 लड़कियां हर हफ्ते एक फिल्म देखेंगी।

5) They will swim on Sundays.

 वे रविवार को तैरेंगे।

For converting these sentences into negative sentences the formula is that you add ‘not’ before the verb and the rest of the rule remains the same.

You/ He/ She/ Common or proper nouns/ They + will + not + verb (1st form)+ object (optional)

 

Let us see some examples of negative sentences with the formula for Simple Future Tense when the Second Person, Third Person Singular/ Plural are involved:

1) You will not study hard for exams.

आप परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करेंगे।

2) He will not go to work everyday.

 वह रोज काम पर नहीं जाएगा।

3) She will not sleep late on Saturdays.

वह शनिवार को देर से नहीं सोएगा।

4) Girls will not watch a movie every week.

 लड़कियाँ हर हफ्ते एक फिल्म नहीं देखेगी।

5) They will not swim on Sundays.

वे रविवार को नहीं तैरेंगे।

For converting these sentences into interrogative sentences the formula is that you add ‘Will’  at the start of the sentence followed by the subject and the rest of the rule remains the same.

Will + [subject] + verb (root form) + object(optional)?

Let us see some examples of interrogative sentences with the formula for Simple Future Tense when the Second Person, Third Person Singular/ Plural are involved :

1) Will you study hard for exams?

 क्या आप परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन करेंगे?

2) Will he go to work everyday?

क्या वह रोज़ काम पर जाएगा?

3) Will she sleep late on Saturdays?

क्या वह शनिवार को देर से सोएगा?

4) Will girls watch a movie every week?

क्या लड़कियाँ हर हफ्ते एक फिल्म देखेगी?

5) Will they swim on Sundays?

 क्या वे रविवार को तैरेंगे?

For converting these sentences into negative interrogative sentences the formula is that you add ’Will’ at the start of the sentence, then the subject and then ‘not’ and the rest of the rule remains the same.

Will + [subject] + not + verb (root form) + object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of interrogative sentences with the formula for Simple Future Tense when Second Person, Third Person Singular/ Plural are involved:

1) Will you not study hard for exams?

क्या आप परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करेंगे?

2) Will he not go to work everyday?

 क्या वह रोज़ काम पर नहीं जाएगा?

3) Will she not sleep late on Saturdays?

 क्या वह शनिवार को देर से नहीं सोएगा?

4) Will girls not watch a movie every week?

क्या लड़कियां हर हफ्ते एक फिल्म नहीं देखेंगी?

5) Will they not swim on Sundays.

 क्या वे रविवार को नहीं तैरेंगे?