Wednesday, April 15, 2020

Hamara pyara bharatvarsh

Hamara pyara bharatvarsh

हमारा प्यारा भारत वर्ष- जयशंकर प्रसाद 

A hindi lesson by Chander Uday Singh

जयशंकर प्रसाद (अंग्रेज़ीJaishankar Prasad , जन्म:30 जनवरी1889वाराणसीउत्तर प्रदेश - मृत्यु:15 नवम्बर1937हिन्दी नाट्य जगत् और कथा साहित्य में एक विशिष्ट स्थान रखते हैं। कथा साहित्य के क्षेत्र में भी उनकी देन महत्त्वपूर्ण है। भावना-प्रधान कहानी लिखने वालों में जयशंकर प्रसाद अनुपम थे।





हिमालय के आँगन में उसे, प्रथम किरणों का दे उपहार
उषा ने हँस अभिनंदन किया और पहनाया हीरक-हार
भारत की महिमा का गुणगान करते हुए कवि जयशंकर प्रसाद कहते हैं कि हिमालय पर्वत के आंगन में 
उषा ने हंसकर किरणों का उपहार दिया उषा ने इस देश का अभिनंदन करते हुए इसे हीरो का हार पहनाया अर्थात सूर्य उदय होने से कुछ पल पहले उषा रूपी किरणों का हिमालय के आंगन में आगमन हुआ।भारत देश में उदित होने वाली उषा अपने साथ सुनहरी किरणों को लेकर आई। मानव वह भारत का अभिनंदन कर उसे हीरो का हार पहना रही हो।


जगे हम, लगे जगाने विश्व, लोक में फैला फिर आलोक
व्योम-तम पुँज हुआ तब नष्ट, अखिल संसृति हो उठी अशोक 
उषा के उदित होते ही सभी भारतीय ज्ञान रूपी चरणों के साथ नींद से जाग गए। वह सिर्फ जागे नहीं, बल्कि उन्होंने दुनिया में व्याप्त अज्ञान रूपी अंधकार को दूर करके सभी को जगाया। इसी तरह समस्त संसार में ज्ञान रूपी प्रकाश फैलाने का पुनीत कार्य भी किया। भारतीयों के इसी श्रेयस्कर कार्य के कारण ही विश्व रूपी आकाश में फैला हुआ अंधकार नष्ट हुआ और इस तरह समस्त संसार के शोक, दुख आदि का अंत हुआ।


विजय केवल लोहे की नहीं, धर्म की रही धरा पर धूम
भिक्षु होकर रहते सम्राट, दया दिखलाते घर-घर घूम

भारत पर कई बार विदेशियों ने हमला किया । फिर भी भारत की अखंडता कायम रही। इन युद्धों में भारत की जीत हुई  भारत ने सभी को सिखलाया कि यह सिर्फ लोहे की जीत नहीं बल्कि यह जीत हमारे धर्म की है। धर्म का ठीक से पालन करने में ही व्यक्ति की जीत है इससे बढ़कर कोई दूसरी जीत नहीं हो सकती भारत ने दुनिया के सामने कई आदर्श रखे हैं। जैसे कि राजकुमार गौतम बुध बौद्ध भिक्षु हो गए और उन्होंने जगह-जगह जाकर सभी को दीक्षा दी और दया का पाठ सिखलाया।



यवन को दिया दया का दान, चीन को मिली धर्म की दृष्टि
मिला था स्वर्ण-भूमि को रत्न, शील की सिंहल को भी सृष्टि

भारत देश ने वानों पर दया दिखलाई। भारत ही वह देश है जहां यवन शासक सेल्यूकस निकेटर को युद्ध में पराजित करने के बाद भी चंद्रगुप्त ने उसे मौत की सजा नहीं दी।यवन युद्ध में परास्त हो गएफिर भी भारत के वीर क्षत्रियों ने उन्हें दया के रूप में जीवनदान दिया। आज चीनजापान आदि में जो धर्म उन्नति निरंतर फैल रही है वह भारत की ही देन है आखिरहमारी इस स्वर्ण भूमि को भगवान गौतम बुद्ध के रूप में अनमोल रतन जो मिल गया थागौतम बुध के मार्गदर्शन में बौद्ध भिक्षुओं ने र्मा के लोगों को बौद्ध धर्म  उसके त्रिरत्न (बुधसंघ, धम) का ज्ञान कराया। उन्होंने ही श्रीलंका को पंचशील झूठ ना बोलना, चोरी ना करनानशा ना करना, हिंसा ना करनापाप ना करना आदि का ज्ञान कराया हमारे देश में ही सिंघल अर्थात श्रीलंका को शील रूपी मूल्य दिया कमा जिसका अनुकरण करके वहां के लोगों ने अपनी चतुर्दिक प्रगति की।


किसी का हमने छीना नहीं, प्रकृति का रहा पालना यहीं
हमारी जन्मभूमि थी यहीं, कहीं से हम आए थे नहीं


भारत की प्रकृति की अनोखी छटा निराली है यहां की प्रकृति इतनी 

उदात्त है कि उसने हमें हम सभी को इतना सब कुछ दे दिया है कि हमें किसी से कुछ 
मांगने की परिस्थिति निर्मित नहीं होती।अतः हमें किसी से कुछ मांगने की या किसी से कुछ 
छीनने की आवश्यकता ही नहीं पैदा हुई हम सब आर्य हैं हम यहां पर
 किसी अन्य स्थान से नहीं आए थेबल्कि इस पवित्र देश में ही हमारा जन्म
 हुआ था, सो हमारी जन्मभूमि भी यही है।




चरित थे पूत, भुजा में शक्ति, नम्रता रही सदा संपन्न
हृदय के गौरव में था गर्व, किसी को देख न सके विपन्न
भारत माता के पुत्र चरित्रवान रहे हैं। उनकी भुजाओं में शक्ति रही है और वह हमेशा नम्रता पूर्वक व्यवहार करते रहे हैं उनके ह्रदय में देश के गौरव के लिए अपार श्रद्धा  देश प्रेम की भावना रही है। अपने इन गुणों के कारण वे किसी को भी विपन या दी नहीं देख सकते। दीन दुखियों की मदद के लिए वे सदैव तत्पर रहे हैं। मानव सेवा ही उनका परम ध्येय रहा है






हमारे संचय में था दान, अतिथि थे सदा हमारे देव
वचन में सत्य, हृदय में तेज, प्रतिज्ञा मे रहती थी टेव
कवि के मतानुसार भारत देश को सोने की चिड़िया कहा जाता था हमारे पास धन-धान्य की कमी नहीं थी। इसी कारण दान करने में हम पीछे नहीं हटे। अतिथि देवो वः की संकल्पना का भारत वासियों ने पालन किया। भारत माता के पुत्र वचन को महत्व देते थे  जैसा कहते थे,  वैसा करते भी थे। उनके वचनों में सत्यता थी , ह्रदय में तेज था और उनकी प्रतिज्ञा भी दृढ़ हुआ करती थी।


वही है रक्त, वही है देश, वही साहस है, वैसा ज्ञान
वही है शांति, वही है शक्ति, वही हम दिव्य आर्य-संतान
हम भारतवासी अपने अतीत के गौरव को कैसे भूल सकते हैं,  आज इतने युगों बाद भी हम उसी भारत देश के निवासी हैंआज भी हमारी रगों में वही रक्त है वही साहस है वही शांति एवं वही ज्ञान विद्यमान है। आखिर हम वही दिव्य आर्य संतान हैंजिसने वर्तमान भारत में भारतीयता को जीवित रखा है। हमारे अंतर्मन में आज भी शांति  समर्थ निहित है।


जियें तो सदा इसी के लिए, यही अभिमान रहे यह हर्ष
निछावर कर दें हम सर्वस्व, हमारा प्यारा भारतवर्ष
आज हम सभी भारतवासी देश के गौरव एवं उसकी अस्मिता को बरकरार रखने के लिए सदैव तत्पर रहते हैं इसी कारण हम प्रगति पथ पर हैं और बड़ी खुशी के साथ हमें इस बात का अभिमान है इस पवित्र पावन एवं गौरवशाली भूमि पर अपना सर्वस्व निछावर करने के लिए हम सदैव तत्पर हैं। आखिरयह हमारा प्रिय भारतवर्ष है, जिसके लिए हम सभी अपना सर्वस्व निछावर करने के लिए सदैव तत्पर हैं रहे थेरहे हैं और रहेंगे।





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Tuesday, April 14, 2020

Jammu kashmir mein hindi class 10th JKBOSE

Jammu kashmir mei hindi

जम्मू कश्मीर में हिंदी

A hindi lesson by Chander Uday Singh
Teacher Government Higher Secondary School, Sanasar.



 प्रश्न अभ्यास


बोध और विचार



प्रश्न 1.    जम्मू-कश्मीर में बोली जाने वाली भाषाओं के नाम लिखो।

उत्तर 1. जम्मू में डोगरी, कश्मीर में कश्मीरी और लद्दाख में लद्दाखी भाषा बोली जाती हैं


प्रश्न 2. प्राचीन काल में जम्मू कश्मीर में हिंदी का प्रचार किन के द्वारा हुआ ?

उत्तर 2. जम्मू कश्मीर राज्य और हिंदी क्षेत्र के बीच प्राचीन काल से ही सामाजिक आर्थिक तथा सांस्कृतिक संबंध रहे हैं। प्राचीन काल में पर्यटन और संस्कृतिक भाषा के केंद्र रहे कश्मीर में हिंदी का आदान-प्रदान होता रहा है।इस्लाम के आगमन से पूर्व बोले जाने वाली कश्मीरी में वैदिक तथा संस्कृत के तत्सम तथा तद्भव दोनों प्रकार के शब्द पर्याप्त मात्रा में मिलते हैं। पर्यटन और पंजाब तथा उत्तर प्रदेश से  शा के समय में लौटे कश्मीरी लोगों ने हिंदी को कश्मीर में नई दिशा दिलाई



प्रश्न 3. हिंदी भाषा का संबंध संसार के कौन से भाषा परिवार से है  ?

उत्तर 3. जम्मू-कश्मीर में बोले जाने वाली भाषाओं तथा बोलियों का संबंध मुख्य रूप से "भारोपीय परिवार" की एक शाखा से है यह शाखा 'भारतीय आर्य शाखा' नाम से जानी जाती है 


प्रश्न 4. कश्मीर के भक्त कवि हिंदी में क्यों कविता करना चाहते थे ?

उत्तर 4. मध्यकालीन भक्ति आंदोलन ने संपूर्ण भारत को प्रभावित किया थाइस प्रभाव के फल स्वरुप जम्मू कश्मीर के कई कवियों ने भक्ति पर कविताएं मातृभाषा हिंदी में भी रची। इस प्रसंग में कश्मीर की संत कवियत्री रूपा भवानी का नाम लिया जा सकता है कश्मीर के एक और भक्त कवि परमानंद ने अपनी कई कश्मीरी रचनाओं में हिंदी के कुछ अंश जोड़ दिए थे


प्रश्न 5. जम्मू के प्रथम हिंदी कवि का पूरा नाम क्या था ? वह किस नाम से प्रसिद्ध हुए ?

उत्तर 5. 18 वीं सदी में 'लक्ष्मण जी बुलबुल' ने कुछ कविताएं लिखी जिनमें हिंदी तथा कश्मीरी दोनों भाषाओं का योग है इधर जम्मू में यह 'दत्त्तु' नाम से बहुत प्रसिद्ध हुए यह जम्मू के प्रथम हिंदी कवि माने जाते हैं


प्रश्न 6. वीर विलास नामक ग्रंथ के कवि का नाम लिखें

उत्तर 6. 'वीरविलास' ग्रंथ के कवि हैं 'लक्ष्मण जी बुलबुल' जो जम्मू में 'दत्त्तु' के नाम से चर्चित हुए


प्रश्न 7. हिंदी को जम्मू कश्मीर में कब सरकारी संरक्षण मिला  ?

उत्तर 7. महाराजा रणवीर सिंह (सन 1857-1865 ईसवी) के समय जम्मू कश्मीर में हिंदी को सरकारी संरक्षण मिला


प्रश्न 8 . जम्मू कश्मीर की सरकारी भाषा का नाम लिखें

उत्तर 8 जम्मू कश्मीर की सरकारी भाषा उर्दू है  फिर भी स्कूलों के पाठ्यक्रम में हिंदी एक विषय के रूप में पढ़ाई जाती है जो कि हमारी राष्ट्रभाषा है


प्रश्न 9. हिंदी हमारे देश की राष्ट्रभाषा क्यों बन गई ?

उत्तर 9 स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के बाद राज्य में प्रचार-प्रसार तथा विकास द्रुत गति से होने लगा। भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार हिंदी हमारी राष्ट्रीय भाषा है तथा इसे सरकारी संरक्षण प्राप्त है अपनी लोकप्रियता के कारण यह हमारी राष्ट्रभाषा बन गई है


प्रश्न 10. आजकल जम्मू कश्मीर में हिंदी का प्रचार तथा प्रसार किन माध्यमों से हो रहा है ?

उत्तर 10.  आजकल सिनेमा, दूरदर्शन, रेडियो आदि के द्वारा राज्य में हिंदी का प्रचार- प्रसार तेज गति से हो रहा है हिंदी चलचित्र लोग चाव से देखते हैं। शिराजा, योजना, विस्ता, निलजा, हिमानी, जैसी पत्रिकाएं यहां हिंदी लेखन को प्रकाशित कराने में आजकल सक्रिय हैं कश्मीर टाइम्स, जम्मू समाचार, इवनिंग न्यूज़ आदि हिंदी में समाचार पत्र छपते हैं कुल मिलाकर जम्मू-कश्मीर में हिंदी का भविष्य उज्जवल है


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Monday, April 13, 2020

Footprints without feet Textual questions with their answers (class 10th jkboard)

Class 10th 

PART: PROSE




LESSON 1.

Footprints without Feet

Textual  questions with their answers


1. How would you assess Griffin as Scientist?
Answer: Griffin was a brilliant scientist that was evident from his drug of invisibility. After repeated experiments, he had discovered how to make human body invisible. This was a big achievement. However, he misused his discovery to hurt others. He seemed to enjoy the feeling of power which he got out of his invisibility. The power to hurt anybody without getting noticed can give sadistic pleasure to somebody. A true scientist makes discovery for the larger benefit of the society but Griffin misused it for personal gains. Thus, though he can be termed as a brilliant Scientist, he was not a noble one.
2. The two boys in London were surprised and fascinated. Why?
Answer: The two boys saw muddy imprints of a pair of bare feet without man. As they gazed, a fresh footprint appeared again. Further, footprints followed, one after another and soon became fainter and fainter and at last disappeared completely. All this surprised and fascinated the boys.
3. What did Griffin do inside the shop (London store)?
Answer: Griffin had chosen mid-winter of the year to wander about London without clothes. The air was bitterly cold and it was not easy for him to wander naked about the streets of London. He entered a big London store for warmth and food. There he got the pleasure of clothing and feeding without expenses. He broke open  boxes and wrappers and fitted  himself with warm clothes,shoes,an overcoat and a hat. This way he made himself fully dressed and visible person. In the kitchen of restaurant, he got the pleasure of feeding with cold meat and coffee and followed up the meal with some sweets and wine. Finally, he laid down on a pile of quilts for rest.
4. How did Griffin escape from the London store?
Answer: Griffin didn’t wake up before the assistants of store arrived next morning. When he saw two of them approaching, he ran in fear. They chased him, but could not catch him as he quickly took off his clothes and became invisible, finally escaped from the store.
5. What did Griffin do inside the shop of a theatrical company?
Answer: Griffin found a suitable shop of the theatrical company to get not only clothes, but also to hide the empty space above his shoulders. There he wrapped bandages round his forehead, wore dark glasses, false nose, big whiskers and a large hat. To escape from shop, he attacked the shopkeeper from behind and robbed him off all the money.
6 Why was the arrival of the stranger in a village inn an unusual event? Write your answer by giving two reasons.
Answer: Griffin booked two rooms at a local inn of village Iping where his arrival was thought to be in any case an unusual event. He came there at the time of mid winter when nobody comes there. Secondly, his appearance was uncommon which surprised everyone there.
7. How did the scientist look when he came to the inn?
Answer: The scientist looked very strange in appearance when he came to the inn. He puzzled everyone with his uncommon look. He had bandages round his forehead and was wearing dark glasses. He had a false nose, big bushy side-whiskers and a large hat. He had worn all these things to hide his empty space above his shoulders as to become visible.
8. What made Mrs Hall to think Griffin as ‘an eccentric scientist’?
Answer: Griffin came to an inn at the time of winter which was an unusual event. Besides bearing an uncommon appearance, his arrival surprised everyone. Mrs hall wanted to be friendly with him but he didn’t respond in a cold manner. He had no desire to talk, and told her that his reason for coming Iping was to get solitude. He didn’t want to be disturbed in his work. All this made her to think that Griffin was an eccentric scientist.
9. What was the curious episode that took place in the clergyman’s study?
Answer:   Early in the morning Clergyman and his wife were awakened by noises in the study. They heard the chink of money being taken from the clergyman’s desk who tried to catch the thief with a poker in his hand. He flung open the door but found the room empty. He and his wife looked under the desk and behind the curtains, and even up the chimney and could not find sign of anybody. Yet they were shocked to find the housekeeping money missing. It was a curious episode, and the clergyman kept saying the words “extraordinary affair” for the rest of the day.
10. Why were Landlord and his wife surprised to see the scientist’s door wide open? What were the extraordinary things that happened in the room of inn?
Answer: The landlord and his wife had woken early in the morning, and were surprised to see the scientist’s door wide open. It was a rare sight for them because usually it was shut and locked. However, he was furious if anyone entered his room. Therefore both of them were surprised on seeing the door open.
Many extraordinary things happened inside the room when landlord and his wife entered into. They saw the clothes and bandages that he always wore were lying about the room. Suddenly, Mrs hall heard a sniff close to her ear. A moment later the hat on the bedpost leapt up and dashed into her face. Then, the bedroom chair became alive. Springing into air it charged straight at her legs. As she and her husband turned away in terror, the chair pushed them away out of the room, and then appeared to slam and lock the door after them.
11. Mrs Hall almost fell down the stairs in hysterics. Pick out an example of humour from what follows this incident.
Answer: The chair inside the room pushed Mrs Hall and her husband out of the room and then appeared to slam and lock the door after them. She fell down the stairs in hysterics and thought that the room was haunted by spirits. She moaned that her mother used to sit on that chair which rose against her and pushed her out of the room. This example of humour makes the readers to have pearls of laughter.
12. The scientist was furious. What did he do in anger? Why were the people in the bar horrified?
Answer: The scientist was a quick-tempered person. Mrs Hall demanded him how he had entered the locked room. On hearing this, he lost his temper and became furious. In state of furry, he threw off bandages, whiskers, glasses, and even nose and became half-invisible. The people present in the bar were horrified because they found themselves staring at a headless man.
13. What happened to the constable?
Answer: The policeman tried to catch the scientist who threw off his clothes one after another and became invisible. The constable found struggling with the man he could not see at all. Some people present at scene, tried to help the constable, but found themselves hit by the blows. In the end, the policeman was knocked unconscious as he made a last attempt to catch the invisible scientist.  
14. How will you prove that the scientist was a man of ‘irritable temper’?
Answer: The scientist was surely a man of irritable temper that describes his character in the text. When Mrs. Hall wanted to be friendly with him he showed no desire to talk and told her that his reason for coming Iping was to get solitude. At another occasion, Mrs. Hall demanded him his entry into the locked room. He lost his temper and became furious, there by created horror in the bar.  


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