Grammar for high and higher classes

An English lesson by :-

Chander Uday Singh

Topic: Modal verbs

The modal verbs include can, must, may, might, will, would, should. They are used with other verbs to express ability, obligation, possibility, and so on. Below is a list showing the most useful modals and their most common meanings:

Modal	Meaning	Example
can	to express ability	I can speak a little Russian.
can	to request permission	Can I open the window?
may	to express possibility	I may be home late.
may	to request permission	May I sit down, please?
must	to express obligation	I must go now.
must	to express strong belief	She must be over 90 years old.
should	to give advice	You should stop smoking.
would	to request or offer	Would you like a cup of tea?
would	in if-sentences	If I were you, I would say sorry.

Modal verbs are unlike other verbs. They do not change their form (spelling) and they have no infinitive or participle (past/present). The modals must and can need substitute verbs to express obligation or ability in the different tenses. Here are some examples:

Past simple	Sorry I'm late. I had to finish my math test.
Present perfect	She's had to return to Korea at short notice.
Future	You'll have to work hard if you want to pass the exams.
Infinitive	I don't want to have to go.

Past simple	I couldn't/wasn't able to walk until I was 3 years old.
Present perfect	I haven't been able to solve this problem. Can you help?
Future	I'm not sure if I will be able to come to your party.
Infinitive	I would love to be able to play the piano.

Modals are auxiliary verbs. They do not need an additional auxiliary in negatives or questions.

For example:

Must I come?

(Do I must come?),

or:

He shouldn't smoke

(He doesn't should smoke).

Q1.	I didn’t feel very well yesterday. I ..... eat anything.
		cannot
		couldn’t
		mustn’t

Q2.	You ..... look at me when I am talking to you.
		could
		should
		would

Q3.	I was using my pencil a minute ago. It ..... be here somewhere!
		can
		could
		must
		would

Q4.	You really ..... be late again.
		must not
		don’t have to be

Q5.	If you don’t start working harder, you ..... repeat the course next year.
		have to
		must
		will have to

Q6.	His parents spoil him. He’s always ..... to do whatever he wants.
		been able
		been allowed

Q7.	Phone her now. She ..... home by now.
		has to be
		must be
		would be

Q8.	You ..... forget your sun cream. It’s going to be very hot!
		don’t have to
		mustn’t
		needn’t

Q9.	I ..... be able to help you, but I’m not sure yet.
		might
		would

Q10.	Entrance to the museum was free. We ..... pay to get in.
		needn’t
		didn’t need to

Q11.	Already as a child Mozart ..... play the piano beautifully.
		could
		should
		would

Q12.	Which sign are you more likely to see at an airport: Bags ..... not be left unattended.
		can
		must
		may

Q13.	I really ..... try to get fit.
		may
		must
		would

Q14.	..... take a photograph of you?
		Am I allowed to
		May I

Q15.	Students ..... borrow up to 6 books at any time.
		are allowed to
		could

Q16.	Whose is this bag? - I don’t know, but it ..... belong to Yuta.
		could
		may
		should
		would

Q17.	..... I go to the bathroom, please?
		May
		Must
		Would

Q18.	His excuse ..... be true, but I don’t believe.
		can
		may

Q19.	It’s very important to ..... speak more than one language.
		can
		be able to

Q20.	I don’t like ..... get up early on a Sunday.
		being able to
		being allowed to
		having to

Q21.	..... you speak French? - Only a few words, but my Russian is pretty good.
		Can
		Could

Q22.	..... you help me move this table? (Both answers are possible. Choose the more polite request.)
		Can
		Could

Q23.	I ..... talk already before I was two years old.
		could
		should
		would

Q24.	I ..... help you, but I don’t want to.
		can
		could
		would

Q25.	..... you open the window, please.
		Can
		May

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