NADAAN DOST CLASS 6TH HINDI

 किशोर भारती 

कक्षा-6, पाठ - 3

नादान दोस्त 

एक हिंदी पाठ- चन्दर उदय सिंह द्वारा

प्रश्न 1: केशव और श्यामा के मन में अंडों को देखकर तरह-तरह के सवाल क्यों उठते थे?

उत्तर: केशव और श्यामा छोटे बच्चे थे; इसलिए अंडों को देखकर उनके मन में अनेक प्रश्न उठते थे, वे अंडों के बारे में जानना चाहते थे और उनका अनुमान लगाते थे।


प्रश्न 2: अंडों के बारे में दोनों आपस ही में सवाल-जवाब करके अपने दिल को तसल्ली क्यों दे दिया करते थे?

उत्तर: केशव और श्यामा की माता जी घर के कामों में बहुत व्यस्त रहती थीं और उनके पिता के पास पढ़ाई-लिखाई का कार्य हुआ करता था। उन दोनों के सवालों का जवाब देने के लिए कोई नहीं रहा था इसलिए वे स्वयं ही एक दूसरे के सवालों का जवाब देकर तसल्ली दे दिया करते थे।

प्रश्न 3: अंडों के टूट जाने के बाद माँ के यह पूछने पर कि-‘तुम लोगों ने अंडों को छुआ होगा।’ के जवाब में श्यामा ने क्या कहा और उसने ऐसा क्यों किया?

उत्तर: श्यामा ने अपनी माँ को सच बता दिया कि भईया ने अंडों को छुआ था। उसने डर के मारे माँ को सब कुछ सच-सच बता दिया।

प्रश्न 4: पाठ के आधार पर बताओ कि अंडे गंदे क्यों हुए और उन अंडों का क्या हुआ?

उत्तर:

केशव और श्यामा ने चिड़िया के अंडों की रक्षा करने के लिए उनके नीचे चिथड़े लगा दिए थे। परन्तु कहा जाता है कि यदि चिड़िया के अंडों को छू लिया जाए तो वो अंडे गंदे हो जाते हैं। जिसे चिड़िया दुबारा सेती नहीं है। उनकी इसी नादानी के परिणामस्वरूप चिड़िया ने उन अंडों को घोंसले से गिरा दिया अब वो अंडे बेकार हो चुके थे, उनकी नादानी की वजह से अंडे बर्बाद हो गए।

प्रश्न 5:

सही उत्तर क्या है?

अंडों की देखभाल के लिए केशव और श्यामा धीरे से बाहर निकले क्योंकि-

(क) वे माँ की नींद नहीं तोड़ना चाहते थे।
(ख) माँ नहीं चाहती थीं कि वे चिड़ियों की देखभाल करें।
(ग) माँ नहीं चाहती थीं कि वे बाहर धूप में घूमें।



उत्तर:

अंडों की देखभाल के लिए केशव और श्यामा धीरे से बाहर निकले क्योंकि-
(ग) माँ नहीं चाहती थीं कि वे बाहर धूप में घूमें।



प्रश्न 6:

केशव और श्यामा ने चिड़िया और अंडों की देखभाल के लिए किन तीन बातों का ध्यान रखा?

उत्तर:

केशव और श्यामा ने चिड़िया और अंडों की देखभाल के लिए निम्नलिखित बातों का ध्यान रखा:-

सर्वप्रथम उन्होंने उनके आराम का ध्यान रखा। इसके लिए कपड़े का चिथड़ा बिछाया, जिससे उन्हें आरामदायक घोंसला दिया जा सके।

उन्होंने अंडों के सिर पर एक टोकरी लगा दी जो उन्हें धूप से बचा सके।

उन्होंने उनके दाना-पानी के लिए चावल के दाने व प्याली का इंतजाम किया जिससे माता-पिता (चिड़ा और चिड़िया) को घोंसला छोड़कर बार-बार अपने बच्चों से दूर बाहर न जाना पड़े।

प्रश्न 7:

कार्निस पर अंडों को देखकर केशव और श्यामा के मन में जो कल्पनाएँ आईं और उन्होंने चोरी-चुपके जो कुछ कार्य किए, क्या वे उचित थे? तर्क सहित उत्तर लिखो।

उत्तर:

बच्चों ने अंडों की रक्षा करने के लिए जो कार्य किए वे नादानी में हुए। क्योंकि वे अपने बालपन के कारण उन जानकारियों से अनजान थे। उन्हें इस बात का ज्ञान नहीं था कि चिड़िया छुए अंडों को दुबारा नहीं सेती। यदि उन्हें इस बात का ज्ञान होता तो वो इस तरह की गलती कभी नहीं करते। क्योंकि जब उन्होंने अंडों को ज़मीन पर टूटा हुआ देखा तो माँ के बताने पर कि अंडे छूने से खराब हो जाते हैं, उन्हें अपने किए पर बहुत पछतावा हुआ। हम उन्हें गलत नहीं ठहरा सकते। इसलिए तो लेखक ने इसका नाम नादान दोस्त रखा है जो इस तथ्य को साबित करता है।



प्रश्न 8:

पाठ से मालूम करो कि माँ को हँसी क्यों आई? तुम्हारी समझ से माँ को क्या करना चाहिए था?

उत्तर:

माँ की हँसी का कारण बच्चों की नादानी व अज्ञानता थी। जब उन्होंने बच्चों से अंडों के टूटने का कारण पूछा तो बच्चों ने बड़ी मासूमयित से कहा कि उन्हें गद्दी देने के लिए अर्थात आरामदायक घोंसला देने के लिए उन्होंने उन्हें चिथड़ों के ऊपर रख दिया था, तो माँ का गुस्सा हँसी में बदल गया।

माँ को चाहिए था कि वो बच्चों की उस अज्ञानता को दूर करती जिसके कारणवश उनसे अंडो को छूने की गलती हुई थी; परन्तु वे उनकी अज्ञानता पर ही हँस पड़ी। बच्चें स्वयं ही पछता रहे थे। माँ को उन्हें समझाना चाहिए था यही सही था।



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Global Warming class8th Tulip Series

Global Warming (Inam-Ur-Rehman)

An English lesson by 

CHANDER UDAY SINGH

Class 8th English

 Lesson 3

WORKING WITH TEXT

Q1. Why has the earth’s average surface temperature increased?

Ans. The earth’s average surface temperature has increased due to the global warming which has increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere produced by the human activities such as deforestation and burning of fossil fuels.

Q2. Why the Himalayan region is called the ‘Water Tower of Asia’?

Ans. The Himalayan Region is covered of about 33000 sq km by glaciers which act as a mother to several streams and rivers and support economy and livelihood to millions of people in several countries of Asia, so it is called the ‘Water Tower of Asia’.

Q3. What are the main sources of water in the Kashmir valley?

Ans. Flood-plain lakes, high altitude Himalayan lakes, perennial rivers of Indus system, wet lands of different dimensions, ponds, snow-fed streams, springs, reservoirs are the main source of water in the Kashmir Valley.

Q4. Why is water the most precious natural resource?

Ans. Water is the most precious natural resource because it saves our lives in many ways, such as, we drink it because we cannot live without it, it helps in the economy, development, livelihood and mainly it keeps us clean from dust and dirt. It is used to generate electricity, in other words, it brights up our dark rooms. It is used for agriculture so that we can get two time meals. It is really a precious natural resource.

Q5. How has Kashmir been influenced by global warming?

Ans. Kashmir has been badly influenced by the global warming. Since last two decades many changes have been seen and witnessed in the valley Kashmir. Water is becoming scarce day by day due to the melting of Kolhai Glacier, the main source of water in Kashmir. The climate has totally been changed. It is difficult to distinguish between spring, summer and winter. Wet lands that were a part of water for irrigation in Kashmir, have been concretized. It has also reduced the production of crops

.

Q6. How is global warming the largest threat to the humanity?

Ans. Global Warming is the largest threat not only to the humanity but also to all living organisms. Due to global warming, largest glaciers are melting, which will cause the rise in the sea level and the change in the precipitation in air and certainly seasonal change. The weather will change from moderate to hot. This will lead to droughts and lesser production of agricultural yields. It will also lead to natural disasters. It has affected the livelihood of human. It has adversely affected the humanity and will continuously affect it, if not controlled in time.

Q7. What do you think is the cause of decrease in snowfall in Kashmir?

Ans. As we know that global warming changes the precipitation in the air, this leads to change in weather and climate to extreme weather. So we think that global warming is the cause of decrease in snowfall in Kashmir.

Q8. What has been the impact of global warming on J & K so far?

Ans. Global warming has adverse impact on J & K, because the demarcation between seasons that was well defined a decade ago, has vanished. It is now difficult to distinguish between autumn and winter. Its impact can be seen on the glaciers that are continuously melting. High velocity storms are another factor of global warming in Jammu & Kashmir.

Q9. What role do the scientists play in J & K to deal with the problem of global warming?

Ans. Scientists have considered the Kolhai glacier as one of the index glacier in the Lidder Valley. It has been selected for long term monitoring. This Glacier is the water resource of whole community in this valley, so they have indexed a glacier in this region for assessing water resource availability for them. Scientific studies conducted on the glacier will last for five years after which TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute J&K) will recommend measures to bring down the glaciers recession rate.

Q10. What do we, as individuals, need to do deal with the problem of global warming?

Ans. As individuals, we should try to make awareness among the people about the drastic effects of global warming. Even individual should try to minimize the exhaust of the greenhouse gases.

LANGUAGE WORK

I. Fill the blanks in the following sentences with appropriate compound word/s or phrases from the box below:

White House/white house, Green House/greenhouse, Black box/black box, Strong hold/stronghold, White-collar/whitecollar

1. a) We live in a beautiful Green House.

    b) My uncle has built a greenhouse next to his house, where he grows vegetables in winter.

2. a) Most PhD’s only prefer white-collar jobs.

    b) He was wearing a pink shirt with a whitecollar.

3. a) We live in the white house near the mosque.

    b) The president of America lives in the White House.

4. a) My wife keeps her jewellery in a black box.

    b) The black box has been found. It will now be possible to find out why the plane crashed.

5. a) He has strong hold on his wife.

    b) The southern part of the state is a stronghold of the robbers.

II. Use the following phrases or expressions from the lesson in your own sentences;

Ans. In progress: The game was already in progress when I tuned in.

Uncontrollable rate: The birth rate in the state is increasing at uncontrollable rate.

Across the globe: Global warming is a major threat across the globe.

In the backdrop of: State employees are not well satisfied in the backdrop of state economy.

At an alarming rate: Glaciers are receding at an alarming rate.

An irritating change: Pollution leads to an irritating change in environment.

Bereft of: People, are bereft of the cause of global warming.

Dried up: Most of the springs in the valley have dried up due to the global warming,

At the global level: We should find the measures at the global level to control the global warming.

Heavy burden: If global warming is not controlled at an earliest, it will be a heavy burden on the shoulders of every individual in near future.

III. Choose the synonym of the word from the four options given:

1. Sporadic rise in his temperature has caused us much worry.

a. Frequent       b. irksome      c. irregular         d. scattered

Ans.   c. Irregular

2. Reading of poetry is not congenial to his state.

a. Suited         b. Beneficial      c. Helpful      d. Preferable

Ans.   a. Suited

3. The weavers have to do monotonous work.

a. Repetitive    b. exhaustive     c. irksome     d. autonomous

Ans. a. Repetitive

4. The fishing pulled away from the wharf and chugged smoothly down the bay.

a. harbor      b. shore      c. quay        c. ager

Ans. c. Quay

GRAMMAR WORK

In the following sentences, use either infinitive or gerund in order to make them correct:

1. Laughing is good for health. (to laugh / laughing)

2. Our turn being over, we left the library. (be / being)

3. The old woman tried to go to the hospital alone. (to go/ going)

4. Being late for school is his habit. (to be / being)

5. Hina, having completed her work, left home. (to have / having)

6. Listening music is her hobby. (to listen / listening)

7. I liked to read Arabic literature. (to read / reading)

8. His only aim was to cheat. (to cheat / cheating)

9. Fishing is not allowed here. (to fish / fishing)

10. Children love to make mud houses. (to make / making)

RUSTUM AND SOHRAB, CLASS 8TH TULIP SERIES BOOK VIII

Rustum and Sohrab (An Iranian Story)

 : Class 8th : English : Short Stories

Rustum And Sohrab 

WORKING WITH TEXT

A. Answer the following questions:

Q1. Why was Rustum not able to live with his wife for a long time?

Ans. Rustum was not able to stay with his wife because the king of Persia called him back as he felt unsafe without Rustum. Rustum was called ‘the shield of Persia’, so he had to go away from his wife who was then in a family way.

Q2. Why did Tanimeh send word to Rustum that their child was daughter?

Ans. Tanimeh knew that when the boy grew up, Rustum would be eager to have him follow in his footsteps, in this way she would lose her son like she lost her husband, so she sent word to Rustum that their child was a daughter.

Q3. What secret did Sohrab learn from his mother?

Ans. Sohrab learned the secret of his father’s name that had been hidden from him by his mother for some reasons.

Q4. What did Tanimeh want Sohrab to do when he met his father?

Ans. Tanimeh wanted Sohrab to show his father the precious stone that he had worn on his arm because this stone was given to her by Rustum, Sohrab’s father. By doing that his father would easily recognize him.

Q5. Why was Rustum at first not ready to fight Sohrab?

Ans. Rustum was too old to fight a young brave man and he had an aged father to look after. So he refused to fight with Sohrab.

Q6. Why did Rustum not tell Sohrab who he was?

Ans. Rustum thought that the young man was trying to be clever. If he told the truth, Sohrab might want to make peace with him and withdraw from the fight.

Q7. How was Sohrab wounded?

Ans. When Rustum shouted his usual war cry, Sohrab was unnerved and he dropped his shield. Rustum’s sword pierced his side and he sank to the ground. In this way he was wounded.

Q8. What were Sohrab’s last words?

Ans. While Sohrab lay dying he told his father to take him to home and burry there, so that people pass by will said that, Sohrab, the mighty Rustum’s son, lies there, Whom his father did in ignorance kill.

B. Find words/phrases given below for the following expressions:

Break down, precious, mighty, bury, combat, send word, invader, chief, protect, send for, parting, determined, strong-minded

a. A fight, especially in a war.      ----------------------------------------------------------      Combat

b. To keep somebody/something safe from harm, injury etc. --------------------------      Protect

c. Going away or separating from somebody. --------------------------------------------      Parting

d. To send someone a message.   -----------------------------------------------------------      Send word

e. Wanting to do something very much regardless of difficulties. ---------------------      Strong-minded

f. Determined to do something or get something. ----------------------------------------      Determined

g. Someone who enters a country by force in order to take control of it. -------------      Invader

h. A long distance away or a long time in the past or future. ----------------------------     Distant

i. To become very upset and start crying.  --------------------------------------------------    Break down

j. Of great and special value.  ----------------------------------------------------------------     Precious

k. An officer of very high rank in the army.   ----------------------------------------------     Chief

l. Put a dead body in grave. ------------------------------------------------------------------     Bury

m. Very powerful.   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------    Mighty

n. To call someone back. ----------------------------------------------------------------------   Send for

C. Choose the correct option:

1. “Persia is safe as long as Rustum leads our soldiers,” said The King of Persia

2. “I do not fight in single combat with anyone who is of low birth,” These words are spoken by The Challenger.

3. “If you must go, I want to tell you something.” Said Tanimeh

4. “Who is so rash and thoughtless that he thinks he can attack Persia?” asked Kaikoos

5. “Carry me to your home and bury me there.” These words are spoken by Sohrab

D. Match the words in Column A with the explanations given in Column B:

Ans.     

                                               

Column A

Column B

 

a. War cry	a word or cry shouted in battle.
b. Challenger	one who calls someone for fight.
c. Arts of war	skill in use of weapons and in fighting.
d. Champion	one who fights for or defends some other person.
e. Swordsmanship	skill in the use of sword.
f. Spirit	quality of courage and vigor.
g. Terror	great fear.
h. Clasp	hold tightly.
i. Amazed	extremely surprised.
j. Ambition	a strong desire for success, power or wealth

LANGUAGE WORK

A. Combine the following pairs of sentences with unless:  Answers Only;

1. Unless you run fast, you cannot catch the train.

2. Unless work hard, you cannot get a first class.

3. Unless you hurry, you will not catch the bus.

4. Unless you do as I tell, you will not regret it.

5. Unless you tell me about your problem I cannot give you some solution.

B. Match each clause from Column A with a clause from Column B and make meaningful sentences:

Ans.

1. If I had worked harder,      I would have got more marks.

2. If the driver in front had not stopped,        the accident would not have happened.

3. If the weather had not been so bad, we could have gone out.

4. If you have arrived earlier, you could have seen her.

5. If you have moved the injured to hospital immediately, you might have saved his life.

6. If you had not lent me the money, I would not have been able to buy a car.

GRAMMAR WORK

A. Report the following sentences in the indirect speech:

1. She said, “My father will return from Jammu tomorrow.”

Ans. She said that her father would return from Jammu next day.

2. They said, “We will die for the sake of our country.”

Ans. They said that they would die for the sake of their country.

3. The teacher said, “Baber won the first battle of Panipat.”

Ans. The teacher said that Baber won the first battle at Panipat.

4. I said to him, “You have made a false statement.”

Ans. I told him that he had made a false statement.

5. They said to us, “We will play a match tomorrow.”

Ans. They told us that they would play a match next day.

6. I said to him, “I am an early riser.”

Ans. I told him that I was an early riser.

7. He said, “My father died last year.”

Ans. He said that his father died previous year.

8. She said to me, “The climate of this place does not suit me.”

Ans. She told me that the climate of that place did not suit her.

9. I said to the peon, “All your faults will be pardoned if you confess them.”

Ans. I told the peon that all his faults would be pardoned if he confesses them.

10. I said, “I shall finish my work as early as I can.”

Ans. I said that I should finish my work as early as I could.

B. Change the following sentences into direct speech:

1. The employer warned him that he would be dismissed if he did attend the office.

Ans. The employer said to him, “You will be dismissed if you do not attend the office.”

2. Sanjay said that his brother had met with an accident the previous day.

Ans. Sanjay said, “My brother has met with an accident yesterday.”

3. I informed him that I might not come the next day.

Ans. I said to him, “I may not come tomorrow.”

4. The principal announced that the next day would be the holiday.

Ans. The principal said, “Tomorrow will be holiday.”

5. The teacher told us that we were intelligent and hard working.

Ans. The teacher said to us, “You are intelligent and hard working.”